Цепочки элементов в ConstraintLayout

16.01.2025

Горизонтальная цепочка элементов

Пример горизонтальной цепочки

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="First"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Second"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView3" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Third"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Распределение цепочки

• spread: элементы равномерно растягиваются.

• spread_inside: крайние элементы примыкают к границам контейнера.

• packed: элементы располагаются вплотную друг к другу.

Пример spread_inside:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="First"
        android:textSize="30sp"
 
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="spread_inside"
 
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#e0e0e0"
        android:text="Second"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="Third"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Пример packed:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="First"
        android:textSize="30sp"
 
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
 
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#e0e0e0"
        android:text="Second"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="Third"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Вес элементов

Для равномерного распределения ширины используйте:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="First"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#e0e0e0"
        android:text="Second"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="Third"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

---

Вертикальная цепочка элементов

Пример вертикальной цепочки

<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="First"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Second"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/textView3" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Third"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Распределение цепочки

• spread (по умолчанию): элементы растягиваются равномерно.

• spread_inside: крайние элементы примыкают к границам контейнера.

• packed: элементы прилегают друг к другу.

Вес элементов

Для вертикального распределения высоты:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="First"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="#e0e0e0"
        android:text="Second"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/textView3"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView3"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="#efefef"
        android:text="Third"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_weight="2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/textView2"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" />
 
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>